{"id":6481,"date":"2014-09-06T03:21:29","date_gmt":"2014-09-06T03:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.railscarma.com\/scraping-of-web-sites-using-mechanize-gem\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T09:18:09","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T09:18:09","slug":"scraping-von-websites-mit-mechanisiertem-edelstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/scraping-von-websites-mit-mechanisiertem-edelstein\/","title":{"rendered":"Scraping von Websites mit Mechanize Gem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6481\" class=\"elementor elementor-6481\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1355bdca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1355bdca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65c23262\" data-id=\"65c23262\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a27b432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a27b432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Web-Scraping<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> (Web Harvesting oder Web Data Extraction) ist eine Computersoftwaretechnik zum Extrahieren von Informationen aus Websites. Die Mechanize-Bibliothek wird zur Automatisierung der Interaktion mit Websites verwendet. Mechanize Gem speichert und sendet automatisch Cookies, folgt Weiterleitungen und kann Links folgen und Formulare \u00fcbermitteln. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Formularfelder k\u00f6nnen ausgef\u00fcllt und \u00fcbermittelt werden. Au\u00dferdem werden die Websites, die Sie besucht haben, im Verlauf aufgezeichnet. Es nutzt Nokogiri, um eine Seite nach den relevanten Formularen und Schaltfl\u00e4chen zu analysieren, und bietet eine vereinfachte Schnittstelle zum Bearbeiten eines Webformulars.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><a name=\"label-Dependencies\"><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Abh\u00e4ngigkeiten<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ruby 1.8.7, 1.9.2 oder 1.9.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Nokogiri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Erste Schritte mit Mechanize:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Lass uns eine Seite holen!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Das Erste ist das Erste. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Mechanisierung erforderlich ist und dass Sie ein neues Mechanisierungsobjekt instanziieren:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">ben\u00f6tige &#039;Rubygems&#039;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">erfordern &#039;mechanisieren&#039;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">agent = Mechanize.new<\/span>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Jetzt verwenden wir den von uns erstellten Agenten, um eine Seite abzurufen. Rufen wir Google mit unserem Mechanisierungsagenten ab:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">page = agent.get (&#039;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">http:\/\/google.com\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">')<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n\n<strong><a name=\"label-Finding+Links\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Links finden<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Mechanize gibt ein Seitenobjekt zur\u00fcck, wenn Sie eine Seite abrufen, posten oder ein Formular senden. Wenn eine Seite abgerufen wird, analysiert der Agent die Seite und f\u00fcgt dem Seitenobjekt eine Liste mit Links hinzu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Nachdem wir nun die Startseite von Google abgerufen haben, versuchen wir, alle Links aufzulisten:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">page.links.each macht |link|<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n  <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">setzt link.text<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ende<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Wir k\u00f6nnen die Links auflisten, aber Mechanize bietet ein paar Verkn\u00fcpfungen, die uns helfen, einen Link zum Klicken zu finden. Nehmen wir an, wir wollten auf den Link klicken, dessen Text \u201eNeuigkeiten\u201c lautet. Normalerweise m\u00fcssten wir Folgendes tun:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">page = agent.page.links.find { |l| l.text == &#039;News&#039; }.click (oder)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">page = agent.page.link_with(:text =&gt; &#039;News&#039;).click (oder)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">agent.page.links_with(:text =&gt; &#039;News&#039;)[1].click (oder)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">page.link_with(:href =&gt; &#039;\/something&#039;).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n\n<a name=\"label-Filling+Out+Forms\"><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Formulare ausf\u00fcllen<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\"font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Fahren wir mit unserem Google-Beispiel fort. Hier ist der Code, den wir bisher haben:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">ben\u00f6tige &#039;Rubygems&#039;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">erfordern &#039;mechanisieren&#039;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">agent = Mechanize.new<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">page = agent.get(&#039;http:\/\/google.com\/&#039;)<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Wenn wir die Seite h\u00fcbsch ausdrucken, k\u00f6nnen wir sehen, dass es ein Formular namens \u201ef\u201c gibt, das ein paar Schaltfl\u00e4chen und ein paar Felder hat:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5cm;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">PP-Seite<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Nachdem wir nun den Namen des Formulars kennen, k\u00f6nnen wir es von der Seite abrufen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5cm;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">google_form = page.form(&#039;f&#039;)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Werfen wir einen Blick auf den gesamten Code:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">ben\u00f6tige &#039;Rubygems&#039;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">erfordern &#039;mechanisieren&#039;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">agent = Mechanize.new<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">page = agent.get(&#039;http:\/\/google.com\/&#039;)<\/span><\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">google_form = page.form(&#039;f&#039;)<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">google_form.q = &#039;Ruby mechanisieren&#039;<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">page = agent.submit(google_form)<\/span>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">PP-Seite<\/span>\n\n<strong><a name=\"label-Scraping+Data\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">Scraping von Daten <\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Mechanize verwendet Nokogiri zum Parsen von HTML. Was bedeutet das f\u00fcr Sie? Sie k\u00f6nnen eine Mechanisierungsseite wie ein Nokogiri-Objekt behandeln. Nachdem Sie Mechanize verwendet haben, um zu der Seite zu navigieren, die Sie scannen m\u00f6chten, scannen Sie sie anschlie\u00dfend mit den Nokogiri-Methoden:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">agent.get(&#039;http:\/\/someurl.com\/&#039;).search(&quot;p.posted&quot;)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Der an Mechanize::Page#search \u00fcbergebene Ausdruck kann ein CSS-Ausdruck oder ein XPath-Ausdruck sein:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.5cm;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">agent.get(&#039;http:\/\/someurl.com\/&#039;).search(&quot;.\/\/p[@class=&#039;posted&#039;]&quot;)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Die Mechanize-Bibliothek wird zur Automatisierung der Interaktion mit Websites verwendet. Mechanize Gem speichert und sendet automatisch Cookies, folgt Weiterleitungen und kann Links folgen und Formulare \u00fcbermitteln. Formularfelder k\u00f6nnen ausgef\u00fcllt und \u00fcbermittelt werden. Au\u00dferdem werden die Websites, die Sie besucht haben, im Verlauf aufgezeichnet. nutzt Nokogiri, um eine Seite nach den relevanten Formularen und Schaltfl\u00e4chen zu analysieren und bietet eine vereinfachte Schnittstelle zum Bearbeiten eines Webformulars.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SchienenCarma<\/a><\/strong> hat am Ruby on Rails-Framework von Anfang an gearbeitet und es \u00fcbernommen <strong>250 RoR<\/strong> <strong>Projekte<\/strong>. Mit einem Team von \u00fcber 100 RoR-Entwicklern, die mit den neuesten Techniken und Tools bestens vertraut sind, ist RailsCarma bestens geeignet, Sie bei all Ihren Entwicklungsanforderungen zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/p>\n<p>Gerne helfen wir Ihnen bei Ihren Fragen weiter. Nutzen Sie unsere <a href=\"\/de\/kontaktiere-uns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kontaktiere uns<\/a> Seite, um mit uns in Kontakt zu treten.<\/p>\n<p>Lesen Sie verwandte Artikel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/de\/blog\/schienen-3\/einfuhrung-in-die-schienen-api\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eine Einf\u00fchrung in die Rails-API<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/poodle-ssl-security-threat-explored\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Poodle SSL-Sicherheitsbedrohung untersucht<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/eine-einfache-moglichkeit-die-leistung-ihrer-rails-app-2-zu-steigern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eine einfache M\u00f6glichkeit, die Leistung Ihrer Rails-App zu steigern<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/skalierung-von-anwendungen-mit-mehreren-datenbankverbindungen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Skalierende Anwendung mit mehreren Datenbankverbindungen<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"\/de\/kontaktiere-uns\/\">Nehmen Sie Kontakt mit uns auf.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f453ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f453ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28473f67\" data-id=\"28473f67\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7171339f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7171339f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abonnieren Sie die neuesten Updates<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2e9b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"e2e9b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar gCaptchaSibWidget;\n                        var onloadSibCallbackInvisible = function () {\n\n                            var element = document.getElementsByClassName('sib-default-btn');\n                            var countInvisible = 0;\n                            var indexArray = [];\n                            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#ebccd1;\n    color: #a94442;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-success {\n    background-color: #dff0d8;\n    border-color: #d6e9c6;\n    color: #3c763d;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-warning {\n    background-color: #fcf8e3;\n    border-color: #faebcc;\n    color: #8a6d3b;\n}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t  <div class=\"related-post slider\">\r\n        <div class=\"headline\">zusammenh\u00e4ngende Posts<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"post-list owl-carousel\">\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"item\">\r\n            <div class=\"thumb post_thumb\">\r\n    <a  title=\"Kaminari-Juwel\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/kaminari-juwel\/?related_post_from=37277\">\r\n\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" 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Die Bibliothek Mechanize wird f\u00fcr die Automatisierung der Interaktion mit Websites verwendet. Mechanize gem speichert und sendet automatisch Cookies, verfolgt Umleitungen, kann Links folgen und Formulare \u00fcbermitteln. Formularfelder k\u00f6nnen ausgef\u00fcllt und \u00fcbermittelt werden. Es beh\u00e4lt auch den \u00dcberblick ...<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-build-a-scalable-saas-platform-using-ruby-on-rails\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Wie man eine skalierbare SaaS-Plattform mit Ruby on Rails aufbaut<\/span> Weiterlesen \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[572,573,574,575,576],"class_list":["post-6481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-articles","tag-gem","tag-mechanize","tag-mechanize-gem","tag-web-harvesting","tag-web-scraping"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scraping of Websites using Mechanize Gem - RailsCarma Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Web scraping is a computer software technique of extracting information from websites. 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