{"id":696,"date":"2014-09-05T04:45:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-05T04:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.railscarma.com\/secure-your-server-with-ssh-access\/"},"modified":"2021-06-07T07:23:57","modified_gmt":"2021-06-07T07:23:57","slug":"sichern-sie-ihren-server-mit-ssh-zugriff","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/management\/sichern-sie-ihren-server-mit-ssh-zugriff\/","title":{"rendered":"Sichern Sie Ihren Server mit SSH-Zugriff"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"696\" class=\"elementor elementor-696\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ffe6cb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ffe6cb6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9b1726\" data-id=\"c9b1726\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709d966f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"709d966f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Secure Shell (SSH), manchmal auch als Secure Socket Shell bekannt, ist eine UNIX-basierte Befehlsschnittstelle und ein Protokoll f\u00fcr den sicheren Zugriff auf einen Remotecomputer. Es wird h\u00e4ufig von Netzwerkadministratoren verwendet, um Web- und andere Arten von Servern aus der Ferne zu steuern.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>SSH<\/strong> ist eigentlich eine Suite aus drei Dienstprogrammen \u2013 slogin, ssh und scp \u2013, die sichere Versionen der fr\u00fcheren UNIX-Dienstprogramme rlogin, rsh und rcp sind. SSH-Befehle sind auf verschiedene Weise verschl\u00fcsselt und sicher. Beide Enden der Client\/Server-Verbindung werden mithilfe eines digitalen Zertifikats authentifiziert und Passw\u00f6rter werden durch Verschl\u00fcsselung gesch\u00fctzt.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\nDiese Ma\u00dfnahmen k\u00f6nnen ergriffen werden, um Ihren Server mit SSH-Zugriff zu sichern. Aktualisieren Sie Betriebssystem, Apache und CPanel auf die neuesten stabilen Versionen. Dies kann \u00fcber WHM\/CPanel erfolgen. SSH-Zugriff einschr\u00e4nken Um den SSH-Zugriff einzuschr\u00e4nken und zu sichern, binden Sie sshd an eine einzelne IP, die sich von der Haupt-IP des Servers unterscheidet, und an einen anderen Port als Port 22. Stellen Sie eine SSH-Verbindung zum Server her und melden Sie sich als Root an. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config Scrollen Sie nach unten zu dem Abschnitt der Datei, der wie folgt aussieht: Port 22 Protocol 2, 1 ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 ListenAddress :: Kommentieren Sie Port 22 aus und \u00e4ndern Sie ihn so, dass er wie Port 5678 aussieht (w\u00e4hlen Sie \u201e Ihre eigene 4- bis 5-stellige Portnummer (49151 ist die h\u00f6chste Portnummer) Kommentieren Sie Protokoll 2, 1 aus und \u00e4ndern Sie es so, dass es wie Protokoll 2 aussieht. Kommentieren Sie ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 aus und \u00e4ndern Sie es so, dass es wie ListenAddress 123.123.123.15 aussieht (verwenden Sie eine Ihrer eigenen IP-Adressen). (das Ihrem Server zugewiesen wurde) Hinweis 1: Wenn Sie die direkte Root-Anmeldung deaktivieren m\u00f6chten, scrollen Sie nach unten, bis Sie \u201ePermitRootLogin ja\u201c finden, kommentieren Sie es aus und lassen Sie es wie \u201ePermitRootLogin nein\u201c aussehen. Speichern Sie, indem Sie Strg o auf Ihrer Tastatur dr\u00fccken, und beenden Sie dann indem Sie Strg x auf Ihrer Tastatur dr\u00fccken. Hinweis 2: Sie k\u00f6nnen auch einen benutzerdefinierten Nameserver speziell f\u00fcr Ihre neue SSH-IP-Adresse erstellen. Erstellen Sie einfach einen mit dem Namen ssh.xyz.com oder was auch immer. Stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie Ihrer Zone eine A-Adresse hinzuf\u00fcgen Datei f\u00fcr den neuen Nameserver. Starten Sie nun SSH neu. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: \/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/sshd restart Beenden Sie SSH und melden Sie sich dann erneut bei SSH mit der neuen IP oder dem neuen Nameserver und dem neuen Port an . Hinweis: Sollten Sie Probleme haben, stellen Sie einfach eine Telnet-Verbindung zu Ihrem Server her, beheben Sie das Problem und stellen Sie dann erneut eine SSH-Verbindung her. Telnet ist ein sehr unsicheres Protokoll. \u00c4ndern Sie daher Ihr Root-Passwort, nachdem Sie es verwendet haben. Telnet deaktivieren Um Telnet zu deaktivieren, stellen Sie eine SSH-Verbindung zum Server her und melden Sie sich als Root an. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: vi \/etc\/xinetd.d\/telnet \u00c4ndern Sie \u201edisable = no\u201c in \u201edisable = yes\u201c Speichern und Beenden Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: \/etc\/init.d\/xinetd restart Server-E-Mail jedes Mal, wenn sich jemand als Root anmeldet Lassen Sie sich vom Server jedes Mal eine E-Mail senden, wenn sich jemand als Root anmeldet, stellen Sie eine SSH-Verbindung zum Server her und melden Sie sich als Root an. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: pico .bash_profile Scrollen Sie bis zum Ende der Datei und f\u00fcgen Sie die folgende Zeile hinzu: echo &#039;ALERT \u2013 Root Shell Access on:&#039; <code>Datum<\/code> <code>WHO<\/code> | mail -s \u201eWarnung: Root-Zugriff von <code>wer | awk &#039;{print $6}&#039;<\/code>&#8221; <a href=\"mailto:your@email.com\">your@email.com<\/a>\n\nSpeichern und schlie\u00dfen. Legen Sie eine legale SSH-Nachricht fest. Stellen Sie eine SSH-Verbindung zum Server her und melden Sie sich als Root an. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: vi \/etc\/motd Geben Sie Ihre Nachricht ein, speichern Sie und beenden Sie den Vorgang. Hinweis: Ich verwende die folgende Nachricht\u2026 ALERT! Sie betreten einen gesicherten Bereich! Ihre IP- und Anmeldeinformationen wurden erfasst. Die Systemadministration wurde benachrichtigt. Dieses System ist nur auf autorisierten Zugriff beschr\u00e4nkt. Alle Aktivit\u00e4ten auf diesem System werden aufgezeichnet und protokolliert. Unbefugter Zugriff wird vollst\u00e4ndig untersucht und den zust\u00e4ndigen Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden gemeldet. Jedes Mal, wenn sich jemand als Root anmeldet, wird ihm diese Meldung angezeigt: Shell-Konten deaktivieren Identifikationsausgabe f\u00fcr Apache deaktivieren Um die Versionsausgabe f\u00fcr ProfTP zu deaktivieren, stellen Sie eine SSH-Verbindung zum Server her und melden Sie sich als Root an. Geben Sie an der Eingabeaufforderung Folgendes ein: vi \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf Scrollen Sie ganz nach unten und \u00e4ndern Sie die folgende Zeile in \u201eServerSignature Off Restart Apache\u201c. 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It is widely used by network administrators to control Web and other kinds of servers remotely. SSH is actually a suite of three utilities &#8211; slogin, ssh, and scp &#8211; that &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-build-a-scalable-saas-platform-using-ruby-on-rails\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Wie man eine skalierbare SaaS-Plattform mit Ruby on Rails aufbaut<\/span> Weiterlesen \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[385],"tags":[448,593,594,595],"class_list":["post-696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-management","tag-server","tag-server-with-ssh-access","tag-slogin","tag-ssh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Secure your server with SSH access<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SSH is UNIX-based command interface &amp; protocol for securely getting access to remote computer. 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