{"id":7611,"date":"2016-01-22T17:40:24","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T17:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.railscarma.com\/learning-the-fundamentals-of-nokogiri-gem\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T09:02:48","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T09:02:48","slug":"erlernen-der-grundlagen-von-nokogiri-gem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/erlernen-der-grundlagen-von-nokogiri-gem\/","title":{"rendered":"Erlernen der Grundlagen von Nokogiri Gem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/p>\n

Die Welt dreht sich immer schneller und diese Beschleunigung zeigt sich in allen Facetten unseres Lebens. Gerade bei Unternehmen kommt es auf die Geschwindigkeit an. In dieser hektischen Beschleunigung ist die Volatilit\u00e4t die einzige Konstante. Um mit dem Tempo Schritt zu halten und dem immer h\u00e4rter werdenden Wettbewerb einen Schritt voraus zu sein, suchen Unternehmen nach M\u00f6glichkeiten, die Effizienz zu steigern und die Markteinf\u00fchrungsgeschwindigkeit zu beschleunigen. Dies erkl\u00e4rt die Hektik hinter der Popularit\u00e4t von Programmiersprachen wie Ruby on Rails. Was Ruby on Rails noch erstaunlicher macht, ist die schiere Menge an Edelsteinen, mit denen es ausgestattet ist. Stellen Sie sich ein Werkzeug vor und h\u00f6chstwahrscheinlich haben Sie es in Ihrem Ruby-Kit. Eines der besten Juwelen f\u00fcr Ruby on Rails ist Nokogiri, eine Bibliothek f\u00fcr den Umgang mit XML- und HTML-Dokumenten. Der h\u00e4ufigste Einsatzzweck eines Parsers wie Nokogiri ist das Extrahieren von Daten aus strukturierten Dokumenten. Beispiele:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Eine Preisliste von einer Preisvergleichswebsite.<\/li>\n
  • Suchergebnisse-Links einer Suchmaschine.<\/li>\n
  • Eine Liste mit Antworten von einer Q&A-Site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Installation:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    OS X:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    So installieren Sie libxml2 \u00fcber Macports:<\/p>\n

    \n

    $ Sudo-Port installiert libxml2 libxslt<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Dann installieren Sie Nokogiri:<\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo gem install nokogiri<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Linux:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unter Linux m\u00fcssen wir noch libxml2 installieren. Der Befehl zum Installieren von libxml2 variiert je nach verwendetem Paketmanager und Linux-Distribution.<\/p>\n

    Auf Fedora:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo yum install libxml2-devel libxslt-devel<\/p>\n

    $ Gem Nokogiri installieren<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Auf Ubuntu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt libxslt-dev<\/p>\n

    $ Gem Nokogiri installieren<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Erste Schritte mit Nokogiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Sobald wir Nokogiri installiert haben, k\u00f6nnen wir damit beginnen, es zu nutzen. Nokogiri kann XPath- oder CSS3-Selektoren verwenden. Durch die M\u00f6glichkeit, CSS-Selektoren zu verwenden, eignet es sich wirklich gut zum Extrahieren von Daten aus HTML-Dokumenten.<\/p>\n

    \n

    ben\u00f6tige 'Rubygems'<\/p>\n

    ben\u00f6tige 'nokogiri'<\/p>\n

    erfordern 'open-uri'<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Nokogiri-Juwel ben\u00f6tigen wir open-uri, damit der Inhalt einer URL leicht gefunden werden kann. Anschlie\u00dfend erstellen wir ein neues Nokogiri-HTML-Dokument und \u00fcbergeben ihm den Inhalt der Suchergebnisseite. Mit diesem Nokogiri-Dokument k\u00f6nnen wir dann at_css verwenden und den CSS-Selektor \u201etitle\u201c \u00fcbergeben, um den Inhalt abzurufen Element. Die at_css-Methode gibt das erste passende Element zur\u00fcck und wir k\u00f6nnen .text f\u00fcr dieses Element aufrufen, um seinen Textinhalt abzurufen. Schlie\u00dflich verwenden wir Puts, um den Text auszudrucken.<\/html><\/p>\n<p><strong>Grundlegendes Parsen:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mit Nokogiri k\u00f6nnen Sie ein HTML- oder XML-Dokument mithilfe verschiedener Strategien analysieren:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DOM<\/li>\n<li>SAXOPHON<\/li>\n<li>Leser<\/li>\n<li>Ziehen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jede dieser Strategien hat unterschiedliche Vor- und Nachteile. Die DOM-Schnittstelle ist die gebr\u00e4uchlichste und wird allgemein als die am einfachsten zu verwendende angesehen.<\/p>\n<p>Jedes Produkt, das das letzte Element in einer Reihe ist, hat eine andere Klasse:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><div class="”product" lastcol”><br><a href="\/de\/”\/product\/f05f\/”\/" class="”product_link”"><br><img<br>src=\u201c\/images\/dot_clear.gif\u201c<br>title=\u201cZerst\u00f6ren Sie den Schlaf mit diesem kraftvollen Energieschuss \u2013 in einer wiederverwendbaren Schrotpatronenflasche.\u201c<br>alt=\u201cZombie Blast Energy Shots 3er-Pack\u201c<br>Breite=\u201c125\u2033<br>H\u00f6he = \u201e125\u201c<br>class=\u201cfaul\u201c<br>data-original=\u201chttp:\/\/a.tgcdn.net\/images\/products\/thumb\/largesquare\/f05f_zombie_blast_energy_shots.jpg\u201c<br>\/><br><h4>Zombie Blast Energy Shots 3er-Pack<\/h4><br><\/a><br><p>$9.99<\/p><br><\/div><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Das hei\u00dft, um den Namen der Produkte zu erfahren, w\u00fcrden wir sagen:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Englisch: <\/strong>Beginnen Sie im Stammverzeichnis des Dokuments: Suchen Sie in jedem Div, das einen Klassennamen hat, der das Wort \u201eProdukt\u201c enth\u00e4lt. Darin finden Sie einen Link. In diesem Link finden Sie den h4-Text.<\/p>\n<p><strong>XPath:<\/strong> \/\/div[contains(@class,'product')]\/a\/h4<\/p>\n<p>Der XPath-Gleichheitsoperator gleicht nur vollst\u00e4ndige Werte ab, in diesem Fall eine Zeichenfolge. XPath stimmt nur mit ganzen Klassennamen \u00fcberein, daher w\u00fcrde div[@class='product'] in Xpath nicht wie erwartet funktionieren, um die letzte Spalte abzurufen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Referenz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sparklemotion\/nokogiri\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/github.com\/sparklemotion\/nokogiri<\/a><br><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fc30299 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fc30299\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51885040\" data-id=\"51885040\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea8ff86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea8ff86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abonnieren Sie die neuesten Updates<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ba6176f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5ba6176f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar gCaptchaSibWidget;\n var onloadSibCallbackInvisible = function () {\n\n var element = document.getElementsByClassName('sib-default-btn');\n var countInvisible = 0;\n var indexArray = [];\n jQuery('.sib-default-btn').each(function (index, el) {\n if ((jQuery(el).attr('id') == \"invisible\")) {\n indexArray[countInvisible] = index;\n countInvisible++\n }\n });\n\n jQuery('.invi-recaptcha').each(function (index, el) {\n grecaptcha.render(element[indexArray[index]], {\n 'sitekey': jQuery(el).attr('data-sitekey'),\n 'callback': sibVerifyCallback,\n });\n });\n };\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t <script src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js?onload=onloadSibCallbackInvisible&render=explicit\" async defer><\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<form id=\"sib_signup_form_1\" method=\"post\" class=\"sib_signup_form\" action=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sib_loader\" style=\"display:none;\"><img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-includes\/images\/spinner.gif\" alt=\"Lader\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sib_form_action\" value=\"subscribe_form_submit\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sib_form_id\" value=\"1\">\n <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sib_form_alert_notice\" value=\"Please fill out this field\">\n <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sib_form_invalid_email_notice\" value=\"Your email address is invalid\">\n <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sib_security\" value=\"d7f7626ab9\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sib_signup_box_inside_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\/*display:none*\/\" class=\"sib_msg_disp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <div id=\"sib_captcha_invisible\" class=\"invi-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LdikOAaAAAAAJ6SWrrKVQrtw7TQpQAEnv0HS0G3\"><\/div>\n \t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sib-email-area\">\r\n <label class=\"sib-email-area\"><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"email\" class=\"sib-email-area\" name=\"email\" required=\"required\" placeholder=\"E-Mail-Adresse\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"sib-NAME-area\">\r\n <label class=\"sib-NAME-area\"><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"sib-NAME-area\" name=\"NAME\" placeholder=\"Name\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n <input type=\"submit\" id=\"invisible\" class=\"sib-default-btn\" value=\"Abonnieren\">\r\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"de\"\/><\/form>\n\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\tform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message {\n padding: 6px 12px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n border: 1px solid transparent;\n border-radius: 4px;\n -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;\n -moz-box-sizing: border-box;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-error {\n background-color: #f2dede;\n border-color: #ebccd1;\n color: #a94442;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-success {\n background-color: #dff0d8;\n border-color: #d6e9c6;\n color: #3c763d;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-warning {\n background-color: #fcf8e3;\n border-color: #faebcc;\n color: #8a6d3b;\n}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <div class=\"related-post slider\">\r\n <div class=\"headline\">zusammenh\u00e4ngende Posts<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"post-list owl-carousel\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"item\">\r\n <div class=\"thumb post_thumb\">\r\n <a title=\"Kaminari-Juwel\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/fachartikel\/kaminari-juwel\/?related_post_from=37277\">\r\n\r\n <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Kaminari-Juwel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem-300x113.jpg 300w, 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true,\r\n center: false,\r\n autoplay: true,\r\n autoplayHoverPause: true,\r\n nav: true,\r\n navSpeed: 1000,\r\n navText: ['<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-left\"><\/i>', '<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>'],\r\n dots: false,\r\n dotsSpeed: 1200,\r\n rtl: false,\r\n \r\n });\r\n });\r\n <\/script>\r\n <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world is spinning faster and faster and this acceleration is evident in all facets of our lives. Especially when it comes to businesses, the premium is on the speed. In this frantic accelerated, volatility is the only constant. To keep up with the pace and in order to stay ahead of increasingly fierce competition, …<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/de\/blog\/ruby-regex-match-guide-with-examples\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ruby Regex Match Guide (2026) mit Beispielen<\/span> Weiterlesen \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[654,656],"class_list":["post-7611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-articles","tag-nokogiri","tag-nokogiri-gem"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Learning the Fundamentals of Nokogiri Gem - RailsCarma - Ruby on Rails Development Company specializing in Offshore Development<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world is spinning faster and faster and this acceleration is evident in all facets of our lives. 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