{"id":7611,"date":"2016-01-22T17:40:24","date_gmt":"2016-01-22T17:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.railscarma.com\/learning-the-fundamentals-of-nokogiri-gem\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T09:02:48","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T09:02:48","slug":"apprendre-les-bases-de-la-gemme-nokogiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/fr\/blog\/articles-techniques\/apprendre-les-bases-de-la-gemme-nokogiri\/","title":{"rendered":"Apprendre les principes fondamentaux de Nokogiri Gem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/p>\n

Le monde tourne de plus en plus vite et cette acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration est \u00e9vidente dans toutes les facettes de nos vies. Surtout lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019entreprises, la priorit\u00e9 est \u00e0 la vitesse. Dans cette fr\u00e9n\u00e9sie acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e, la volatilit\u00e9 est la seule constante. Pour suivre le rythme et garder une longueur d\u2019avance face \u00e0 une concurrence de plus en plus f\u00e9roce, les entreprises recherchent des moyens d\u2019accro\u00eetre leur efficacit\u00e9 et d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer leur mise sur le march\u00e9. Cela explique la fr\u00e9n\u00e9sie derri\u00e8re la popularit\u00e9 des langages de programmation comme Ruby on Rails. Ce qui rend Ruby on Rails encore plus \u00e9tonnant, c'est le grand nombre de joyaux qui le contiennent. Imaginez un outil et vous l'avez probablement dans votre kit Ruby. L'un des meilleurs joyaux de Ruby on Rails est Nokogiri, une biblioth\u00e8que permettant de g\u00e9rer les documents XML et HTML. L'utilisation la plus courante d'un analyseur comme Nokogiri est d'extraire des donn\u00e9es de documents structur\u00e9s. Exemples:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Une liste de prix provenant d'un site Web de comparaison de prix.<\/li>\n
  • Liens de r\u00e9sultats de recherche \u00e0 partir d\u2019un moteur de recherche.<\/li>\n
  • Une liste de r\u00e9ponses provenant d'un site de questions-r\u00e9ponses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Installation:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    OS X\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Pour installer libxml2 depuis macports\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n

    $ port sudo installer libxml2 libxslt<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Puis pour installer nokogiri :<\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo gem installer nokogiri<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Linux\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Sous Linux, nous devons toujours installer libxml2. La commande d'installation de libxml2 varie en fonction du gestionnaire de packages et de la distribution Linux que nous utilisons.<\/p>\n

    Sur Fedora :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo yum install libxml2-devel libxslt-devel<\/p>\n

    Gemme $ installer Nokogiri<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Sur Ubuntu\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    $ sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt libxslt-dev<\/p>\n

    Gemme $ installer Nokogiri<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Premiers pas avec Nokogiri\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Une fois Nokogiri install\u00e9, nous pouvons commencer \u00e0 l'utiliser. Nokogiri peut utiliser des s\u00e9lecteurs XPath ou CSS3. La possibilit\u00e9 d'utiliser des s\u00e9lecteurs CSS en fait un tr\u00e8s bon choix pour extraire des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de documents HTML.<\/p>\n

    \n

    n\u00e9cessite des \u00ab rubygems \u00bb<\/p>\n

    n\u00e9cessite 'nokogiri'<\/p>\n

    n\u00e9cessite 'open-uri'<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    En plus d'exiger la gemme nokogiri, nous aurions besoin d'open-uri pour que le contenu d'une URL puisse \u00eatre facilement trouv\u00e9. Nous cr\u00e9ons ensuite un nouveau document HTML Nokogiri et lui transmettons le contenu de la page de r\u00e9sultats de recherche. Avec ce document Nokogiri, nous pouvons ensuite utiliser at_css, en passant le s\u00e9lecteur CSS \u00ab title \u00bb pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer le contenu du \u00e9l\u00e9ment. La m\u00e9thode at_css renverra le premier \u00e9l\u00e9ment correspondant et nous pourrons appeler .text sur cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment pour obtenir son contenu textuel. Enfin nous utilisons puts pour imprimer le texte.<\/html><\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse de base\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nokogiri vous permet d'analyser un document HTML ou XML en utilisant diff\u00e9rentes strat\u00e9gies\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DOMAINE<\/li>\n<li>SAXO<\/li>\n<li>Lecteur<\/li>\n<li>Tirer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chacune de ces strat\u00e9gies pr\u00e9sente des avantages et des inconv\u00e9nients diff\u00e9rents. L'interface DOM est la plus courante et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la plus simple \u00e0 utiliser.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque produit qui est le dernier \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u2019une rang\u00e9e a une classe diff\u00e9rente\u00a0:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><div class="”product" lastcol”><br><a href="\/fr\/”\/product\/f05f\/”\/" class="”product_link”"><br><img<br>src="\/images\/dot_clear.gif"<br>title=\u201dD\u00e9truisez le sommeil avec cette puissante dose d\u2019\u00e9nergie \u2013 dans une bouteille de cartouche de fusil de chasse r\u00e9utilisable.\u201d<br>alt = "Pack de 3 tirs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques Zombie Blast"<br>largeur=\u201d125\u2033<br>hauteur=\u201d125\u2033<br>classe = "paresseux"<br>data-original = "http:\/\/a.tgcdn.net\/images\/products\/thumb\/largesquare\/f05f_zombie_blast_energy_shots.jpg"<br>\/><br><h4>Pack de 3 tirs d&#039;énergie Zombie Blast<\/h4><br><\/a><br><p>$9.99<\/p><br><\/div><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Cela signifie que pour obtenir le nom des produits, nous dirions\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anglais: <\/strong>En commen\u00e7ant \u00e0 la racine du document\u00a0: recherchez dans chaque div qui a un nom de classe contenant le mot \u00ab\u00a0produit\u00a0\u00bb. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, trouvez un lien. Dans ce lien, trouvez le texte h4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>XPath\u00a0:<\/strong> \/\/div[contient (@class,'product')]\/a\/h4<\/p>\n<p>L'op\u00e9rateur d'\u00e9galit\u00e9 XPath correspond uniquement aux valeurs compl\u00e8tes, dans ce cas une cha\u00eene. XPath ne correspond qu'aux noms de classes enti\u00e8res, donc div[@class='product'] dans XPath ne fonctionnerait pas pour obtenir la derni\u00e8re colonne comme on pourrait s'y attendre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sparklemotion\/nokogiri\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/github.com\/sparklemotion\/nokogiri<\/a><br><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fc30299 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fc30299\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51885040\" data-id=\"51885040\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea8ff86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea8ff86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abonnez-vous pour les derni\u00e8res mises \u00e0 jour<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ba6176f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5ba6176f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar gCaptchaSibWidget;\n var onloadSibCallbackInvisible = 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name=\"NAME\" placeholder=\"Nom\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n <input type=\"submit\" id=\"invisible\" class=\"sib-default-btn\" value=\"S'abonner\">\r\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"fr\"\/><\/form>\n\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\tform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message {\n padding: 6px 12px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n border: 1px solid transparent;\n border-radius: 4px;\n -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;\n -moz-box-sizing: border-box;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-error {\n background-color: #f2dede;\n border-color: #ebccd1;\n color: #a94442;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-success {\n background-color: #dff0d8;\n border-color: #d6e9c6;\n color: #3c763d;\n}\nform#sib_signup_form_1 p.sib-alert-message-warning {\n background-color: #fcf8e3;\n border-color: #faebcc;\n color: #8a6d3b;\n}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <div class=\"related-post slider\">\r\n <div class=\"headline\">Articles Similaires<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"post-list owl-carousel\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"item\">\r\n <div class=\"thumb post_thumb\">\r\n <a title=\"Gemme de Kaminari\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/fr\/blog\/articles-techniques\/joyau-kaminari\/?related_post_from=37277\">\r\n\r\n <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"joyau kaminari\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kaminari-gem-300x113.jpg 300w, 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Especially when it comes to businesses, the premium is on the speed. In this frantic accelerated, volatility is the only constant. To keep up with the pace and in order to stay ahead of increasingly fierce competition, …<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railscarma.com\/fr\/blog\/ruby-regex-match-guide-with-examples\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Guide de correspondance des expressions rationnelles en Ruby (2026) avec exemples<\/span> Lire la suite \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[384],"tags":[654,656],"class_list":["post-7611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-articles","tag-nokogiri","tag-nokogiri-gem"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Learning the Fundamentals of Nokogiri Gem - RailsCarma - Ruby on Rails Development Company specializing in Offshore Development<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world is spinning faster and faster and this acceleration is evident in all facets of our lives. 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